{"id":11094,"date":"2023-01-13T12:12:32","date_gmt":"2023-01-13T11:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imi-melamed.it\/?page_id=11094"},"modified":"2023-07-17T11:30:34","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T09:30:34","slug":"questions-patients-ask","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.imi-melamed.it\/en\/home\/questions-patients-ask\/","title":{"rendered":"Questions patients ask"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\nh1.page-title:before {content: '';background: url(https:\/\/www.imi-melamed.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/domande_dei_pazienti.png) no-repeat;background-size: 40px 40px;width: 50px;height: 40px;display: inline-block;left: -10px;background-position:left bottom;transform: translate(0%, 15%)}<\/style>\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong>\u00a0 HOW CAN I RECOGNIZE A MELANOMA EARLY ON? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09b6a79010360708' value='69e498b09b6a79010360708'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09b6a79010360708' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09b6a79010360708' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09b6a79010360708' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09b6a79010360708' ><span class=\"risposta\">Every 3 months, examine the skin of your whole body, have it examined every year by a specialist &#8211; more frequently if you belong to a category at risk.<br \/>\nPay special attention to any change in pre-existing moles; use the ABCDE rule, EGF and Ugly Duckling Sign.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong>  WHAT DOES HAVING A BIOPSY OF A MOLE AT RISK REALLY MEAN? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09b9bb9058088901' value='69e498b09b9bb9058088901'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09b9bb9058088901' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09b9bb9058088901' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09b9bb9058088901' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09b9bb9058088901' ><span class=\"risposta\">A so-called excisional biopsy is the first diagnostic examination in the case of a suspicious lesion: it consists of removing the pigmented lesion with a 2 mm margin of apparently intact skin, which is then sent to the laboratory for histological examination.<br \/>\nThis examination will show whether the lesion is benign and malignant.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong>\u00a0 WHAT CAUSES MELANOMA? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09bac14020154280' value='69e498b09bac14020154280'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09bac14020154280' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09bac14020154280' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09bac14020154280' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09bac14020154280' ><span class=\"risposta\">Hereditary factors and sun exposure are the major causes. Close relatives of people with melanoma are at greater risk of developing melanoma, especially if any moles have an atypical appearance. People with light-colored skin, eyes and hair are also at greater risk.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.<\/strong>\u00a0 DOES BEING IN THE SUN INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD OF GETTING MELANOMA? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09bb5b5099903113' value='69e498b09bb5b5099903113'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09bb5b5099903113' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09bb5b5099903113' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09bb5b5099903113' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09bb5b5099903113' ><span class=\"risposta\">Since ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of developing melanoma or non-melanocytic skin cancer, limit your exposure to the sun during the hours from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., protect oneself with appropriate clothing and dark glasses, and use sun creams with a high protection factor. In any event, still limit the time you stay in the sun to a minimum.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>5.<\/strong>\u00a0 WHAT ARE THE BEST TREATMENTS AVAILABLE TODAY? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09bbfa1032699398' value='69e498b09bbfa1032699398'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09bbfa1032699398' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09bbfa1032699398' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09bbfa1032699398' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09bbfa1032699398' ><span class=\"risposta\">In early-stage disease, ample margin surgical removal of melanoma is the treatment indicated. Since the diagnosis of melanoma is almost always known only after surgical removal of the suspicious lesion, a second radical operation is almost always necessary. At the same time, with the exception of a few cases &#8211; usually if the melanoma is classed as a Stage pT1a &#8211; what is known as the sentinel lymph node will also be biopsied. If your sentinel node shows the presence of metastases, a 12-month adjuvant therapy with anti PD-1 antibodies will be considered, depending on the risk of recurrence and your characteristics. If you have the BRAF V600 mutation, an alternative option is the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib.<br \/>\nIf there is metastasis, treatment will be mainly immunotherapy based on anti PD-1 antibodies, possibly in combination with anti CTLA-4 antibodies, along with so-called BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy for people whose melanoma has the V600 mutation of the BRAF gene.<\/p>\n<p>Treatment choices are made on the basis of the particular characteristics of the patient and the disease. The multidisciplinary treatment team of professionals will design a personal treatment program appropriate for each patient.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>6.<\/strong>\u00a0 ARE THERE VACCINES AGAINST MELANOMA? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09bcbe0033410357' value='69e498b09bcbe0033410357'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09bcbe0033410357' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09bcbe0033410357' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09bcbe0033410357' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09bcbe0033410357' ><span class=\"risposta\">Most cancer vaccines are therapeutic vaccines. This is also the case for melanoma. There are two major groups of vaccine types: molecular and cellular. Molecular vaccines are protein, peptide or DNA or mRNA-based, while cellular vaccines are irradiated tumor cell-based or dendritic cell-based vaccines. However, these procedures are still in the study phase and not available to clinical practice. Many studies are in progress with both molecular vaccines (e.g., mRNA vaccines) and cell-based vaccines, especially the dendritic cell-based versions.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>7.<\/strong>\u00a0 WHAT IS CELLULAR TREATMENT OF MELANOMA? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09bdb35035323969' value='69e498b09bdb35035323969'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09bdb35035323969' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09bdb35035323969' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09bdb35035323969' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09bdb35035323969' ><span class=\"risposta\">Cell therapies can either use &#8216;natural&#8217; cells, in particular tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or specific lymphocytes taken from the peripheral blood, expanded in vitro and then reinfused back into the patient. This type of treatment is known as autologous therapy. The other possible cell therapy is with genetically modified (&#8216;engineered&#8217;) lymphocytes. These are also expanded in vitro and reinfused into the patient (Car-T &#8216;Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapies&#8217;).<\/p>\n<p>TIL-based therapies to treat melanoma go back a long way. They have recently come back into the limelight on account of the latest very promising data from some European and US studies. Indeed, the procedure to obtain FDA approval has been started for Lifileucel, a TIL-based therapy. The situation is different for Car-Ts (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapies). Although the use of Car-Ts in clinical practice has changed in some cases of cancer of the blood, when it comes to solid tumors, like melanoma, research is still at the early trial level.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>8.<\/strong>\u00a0 DO HORMONES AFFECT WHETHER YOU GET MELANOMA? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09be719081219191' value='69e498b09be719081219191'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09be719081219191' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09be719081219191' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09be719081219191' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09be719081219191' ><span class=\"risposta\">The importance of female hormones in melanoma is controversial. In fact, there does not appear to be an increased incidence of melanoma with the use of oral contraceptives, while studies on infertility therapies haven\u2019t produced clear-cut results. The role of hormone replacement therapy after surgery or menopause is also debated. However, the majority of studies suggest that there is no increased risk of melanoma, especially with estrogen and progestogen combinations.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, it is generally not considered necessary to modify or discontinue hormone therapies if a person is diagnosed with melanoma. However, a gynecologist should be consulted to assess the individual risk-benefit of hormone treatment.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>9.<\/strong>\u00a0 IS PREGNANCY A PROBLEM? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09bf176097876185' value='69e498b09bf176097876185'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09bf176097876185' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09bf176097876185' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09bf176097876185' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09bf176097876185' ><span class=\"risposta\">Hormones released during pregnancy stimulate the growth of melanocytes and moles. In fact, pregnant women often notice color changes to moles and skin. However, most studies have shown that pregnancy does not affect the onset of melanoma. However, if you have had a melanoma, it is advisable to avoid pregnancy for the following two to five years. This precaution is due to the controversy that still exists over the effect pregnancy has on the natural course of melanoma.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>10.<\/strong>\u00a0 IS THERE A SPECIAL DIET FOR MELANOMA? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09bfa35048610381' value='69e498b09bfa35048610381'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09bfa35048610381' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09bfa35048610381' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09bfa35048610381' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09bfa35048610381' ><span class=\"risposta\">Diet can affect the prevention, development and treatment of several cancers, including melanoma. Studies have shown that just changing your diet \u2013 adding more fruit and vegetables &#8211; may prevent cancer, improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs, and reduce chemotherapy-induced side effects. Coffee and green tea are also being actively researched in relation to melanoma on the basis that they are natural antioxidants, which are at the core of skin protection. Research is investigating the role of various dietary supplements but it will take time to see if they have an impact in the clinical management of melanoma patients.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>11.<\/strong>\u00a0 WHY SHOULD PEOPLE GO TO THEIR GP OR FAMILY PAEDIATRICIAN FOR A CHECK-UP? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09c02f7074314447' value='69e498b09c02f7074314447'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09c02f7074314447' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09c02f7074314447' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09c02f7074314447' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09c02f7074314447' ><span class=\"risposta\">The role of the general practitioner (GP) and pediatrician is of the utmost importance. They are the people who are most likely to examine their patients\u2019 skin for other reasons, and so spot an early suspicious lesion, referring him\/her to a dermatologist. The GP and pediatrician can urge patients to pay attention to any changes they see in a mole, using the ABCDE rule and the &#8220;ugly duckling&#8221; sign, i.e., a mole that &#8220;stands out&#8221; and looks different from other skin spots. They are also the ones who can suggest appropriate sun protection to match individual risk factors, like a person\u2019s phototype, number of moles, and family history of melanoma.<\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>12.<\/strong>\u00a0 WHY IS MULTIMEDIA TRAINING OF DOCTORS IMPORTANT? <input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e498b09c0bd6026685677' value='69e498b09c0bd6026685677'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e498b09c0bd6026685677' value='Show'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e498b09c0bd6026685677' value='Hide'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e498b09c0bd6026685677' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button bg-eye'   style=\" color:#ffffff;padding: 0 24px 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(#6CC8DF, #2A88C9);border:0;margin-top:-1px;box-shadow:none\">Show<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e498b09c0bd6026685677' ><span class=\"risposta\">The multimedia distance-learning platforms are important tools to keep on hand as a dynamic e-learning tool, whose large virtual library provides in-depth information on how to diagnose early onset melanoma and the diagnostic methods available. It also an invaluable way of linking in to expert input and advice, and become part of specialist multidisciplinary teams. In USA, Australia and Europe there are several multimedia e learning programmes. Melanoma Multimedia Education, developed by Italian Melanoma Intergroup (IMI), aims to provide practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of the primary and secondary prevention of cutaneous melanoma and a broad overview of updated diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.<\/span><\/div><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.\u00a0 HOW CAN I RECOGNIZE A MELANOMA EARLY ON? 2. WHAT DOES HAVING A BIOPSY OF A MOLE AT RISK REALLY MEAN? 3.\u00a0 WHAT CAUSES MELANOMA? 4.\u00a0 DOES BEING IN THE SUN INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD OF GETTING MELANOMA? 5.\u00a0 WHAT ARE THE BEST TREATMENTS AVAILABLE TODAY? 6.\u00a0 ARE THERE VACCINES AGAINST MELANOMA? 7.\u00a0 WHAT IS [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":10186,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11094","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","no-thumb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>Questions patients ask - MelaMEd<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imi-melamed.it\/en\/home\/questions-patients-ask\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Questions patients ask - MelaMEd\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1.\u00a0 HOW CAN I RECOGNIZE A MELANOMA EARLY ON? 2. 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